Electric Cars and Vehicles

Electricity can be used as a transportation fuel to power battery electric vehicles. Electric cars store electricity in an energy storage device, such as a battery. The electricity powers the vehicle’s wheels via an electric motor. Electric cars have limited energy storage capacity, which must be replenished by plugging into an electrical source.

What Is an Electric Vehicle?

In an electric car, a battery or other energy storage device is used to store the electricity that powers the motor. Electric car batteries must be replenished by plugging in the vehicle to a power source. Some electric cars have onboard chargers; others plug into a charger located outside the vehicle. Both types, however, use electricity that comes from the power grid. Although electricity production may contribute to air pollution, EVs are considered zero-emission vehicles because their motors produce no exhaust or emissions.

204 HP Electric MINI E

There are currently no light-duty electric vehicles available from the major auto manufacturers. Neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), on the other hand, are being manufactured by a variety of companies. These small vehicles are commonly used for neighborhood commuting, light hauling, and delivery. Their use is limited to areas with 35 mph speed limits or for off-road service on college campus or at airports or resort areas.

Because they are limited to speeds of 25 mpg or less, NEVs are not considered light-duty vehicles and are not eligible for fleet credit under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 Standard Compliance option and Federal Fleet Requirements. However, their versatility in moving people through limited commute areas makes them useful in a variety of applications. Other useful Electric cars in niche applications include electric scooters and bikes.

Costs

Electric vehicles with direct current (DC) electric systems get about 0.4 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per mile, while those with more efficient alternating current (AC) systems get about 0.174 to 0.288 kWh per mile. If your home electricity rate is $0.13 per kWh, it would cost about $0.05 per mile for DC operation and $0.03 cents per mile for AC operation. You would pay $0.12 per mile for gasoline in a vehicle that gets 25 miles per gallon when gasoline sells for $3 per gallon.

When considering total operating costs, weigh battery replacement at four-year intervals or about 20,000 miles ($1,000 or $2,000) against four years of tune-ups, oil changes, mufflers, starters, water pumps, etc.

List of Electric Cars:

Sort by:	Model	MPG	Price	Type
	Mitsubishi i Miev	80 MPG	N/A	Coupe
	Tesla Roadster	N/A	$109,000	Coupe
	Nissan Leaf	N/A	N/A	Sedan
	MINI E	N/A	N/A	Coupe
	Dodge Circuit EV	N/A	N/A	Coupe
	Jeep EV	N/A	N/A	SUV
	Tesla Model S	N/A	$57,900	Sedan
	Chrysler EV Concept	N/A	N/A	Minivan
	Audi e-Tron	N/A	N/A	Coupe
	Volkswagen E-Up! Concept	N/A	N/A	Small Car
	Hummer H3E	N/A	N/A	SUV

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